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MAA 1112: Drawing and Anatomy

Continuing to develop the basic drawings course, students will focus on rendering life forms in space. Emphasis will be placed on the basic anatomical structures of human and animal forms.

  

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Week6: Composition, Lighting, The Lower Extermities

Lecture: Crit. & review Upper Extremities and Rendering Exam, bones and muscles, compositional considerations, lighting, cross hatching.    
Lab: Practice short and extended poses with model(s) looking at lighting:


Image by Elie Dagher

 


Image by Matt Kies


Homework:
1. Two Views of the Muscles of Lower Extremities, on Bristol, labeled, color optional. Ref: Peck pp.132-3, Simblet, Albinus, or other. EXAMPLES OF STUDENT WORK:

UPPER LEG MUSCLES
-Inguinal Ligament: runs from the the pubic area to the Anterior Superior Illiac Spine, which is the furthest part of the illiac crest. It is the superior boundary of the Femoral Triangle. Provides the clear dividing line between the torso and the leg on the anterior of the body.

-Sartorius: longest single muscle in the human body! Runs diagonally across the upper thigh, attaching on the lateral side at the top of the femur, and the medial side at the knee. It is the Lateral boundary of the Femoral Triangle.

-Adductor Longus: As an adductor muscle (one that brings the limb closer to the body, the opposite of abduction which move that limb away), it originates at the pubic bone below the pubic crest, and inserts at the femur. It is the Medial Boundary of the Femoral Triangle.

-Femoral Triangle: Important visual anatomical region on the upper leg, bounded by the three muscles listed above.

-Rectus Femoris: one of the four quadriceps, inserts at the patella, is in the middle of the thigh.

-Vastus Intermedius: deep to the Rectus Femoris, second member of the quads, appears connected to the Vastus Medialis, but there is a narrow border between the two.

-Vastus Medialis: Has a teardrop shape, on the inner part of the thigh. The third member of the quads on the upper thigh, medial to the first two.

-Vastus Lateralis: Largest and fourth part of the quadriceps, on the lateral section of the thigh, attaching to the greater trochanter of the femur at the top, and inserting at the patella at the bottom.

-Tensor Fasciae Latae: thigh muscle on the far lateral side of of the Vastus Lateralis, originating to the anterior of the Iliac Crest of the hip superior, and inserting around 1/3 of the way further down the thigh at the Illiotibial band.

-Band of Richer: Incloses lower part of the thigh muscles, originating at the Illoitibial band, and inserting at the tibia, wrapping around the outside of the knee.

-Biceps Femoris: on the back of the upper thigh, helps perform knee flexion. Has two parts, the long head (part of the hamstrings), and the short head, deep to the long head.

KNEE AREA

-Patella: The knee cap

-Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): one of 4 ligaments of the knee, attaching at the back of the knee, connecting the femur and the tibia. These are listed in order of commonality of injury.

-Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): second of 4 ligaments of the knee, connecting the femur to the tibia at the center of both bones, deep to the other connections.

-Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL): third of the 4 ligaments of the knee, attaching on the inside (medially) of the knee from the femur to the tibia.

-Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL): fourth of 4, attaching on the outside of the leg (laterally).

LOWER LEG AND FOOT

-Tibialis Anterior: muscle of the shin that spans the length of the Tibia.

-Tibia: The Shin bone, one of two bones of the lower leg.

-Soleus: Muscles of the calf on the lower back part of the leg, running from below the knee to the heel. Connected to the Gastrocnemius. Not all mammals have a Soleus, muscle; dogs and wolves lack this muscle as they have an extended foot. Serves to Plantar flex the foot (flex it downward), as such it is the muscle that bugles when a woman (or man I suppose) wears high heels.

-Gastrocnemius: the other muscle of the calf, has two heads just above the knee and runs to the heel, Superficial to the Soleus. Inserts into the Achilles Tendon.

-Calcaneal Tendon: AKA the Achilles Tendon, attaches to the Calcaneus, passes behind the ankle, and forms the extension of 3 muscles, 2 of which are the Soleus and Gastrocnemius.

-Calcaneus: The Heel

-Extensor Digitorum Longus: Muscle of the foot, originating above the ankle at the lateral side of the tibia. This group is shaped like a wing (and thus known as a Pennate muscle, latin for winged or feathered) as they fan outwards to attach to the toes.

 


 

(Esp. good ref. Peck pp. 134-137.)
2. Simblet: (Hip & Thigh) Pg. 124-139).
Materials for next week: Basics, including good drawing materials.    

 


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